Two-component Bose gas trapped by harmonic and annular potentials: Supercurrent, vortex flow and instability of superfluidity by Rabi coupling

TL;DR

This study investigates the behavior of a two-component Bose gas in combined harmonic and annular traps under magnetic and Rabi coupling influences, revealing vortex dynamics, supercurrent phenomena, and superfluid instability.

Contribution

It introduces a combined theoretical approach using Bose Hubbard and Gross-Pitaevskii models to analyze vortex behavior and superfluidity in complex trapping potentials with Rabi coupling effects.

Findings

Vortices form an Abrikosov lattice in strong magnetic fields.

Increasing Rabi coupling causes vortex vibrations and boundary movements.

Large Rabi coupling destroys the Bose-Einstein condensate.

Abstract

In this paper, we study a system of two-component Bose gas in an artificial magnetic field trapped by concentric harmonic and annular potentials, respectively. The system is realized by gases with two-internal states like the hyperfine states of $^{87}$Rb. We are interested in effects of a Rabi oscillation between them. Two-component Bose Hubbard model is introduced to describe the system, and Gross-Pitaevskii equations are used to study the system. We first study the Bose gas system in the annular trap by varying the width of the annulus and strength of the magnetic field, in particular, we focus on the phase slip and superflow. Then we consider the coupled Bose gas system in a magnetic field. In a strong magnetic field, vortices form a Abrikosov triangular lattice in both Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), and locations of vortices in the BECs correlate with each other by the Rabi coupling. However, as the strength of the Rabi coupling is increased, vortices start to vibrate around their equilibrium locations. As the strength is increased further, vortices in the harmonic trap start to move along the boundaries of the annulus. Finally for a large Rabi coupling, the BECs are destroyed. Based on our findings about the BEC in the annular trap, we discuss the origin of above mentioned phenomena.