Accurate DOSY measure of out-of-equilibrium systems by permutated DOSY (p-DOSY)

TL;DR

The paper introduces p-DOSY, a permutation-based method that improves the accuracy of DOSY NMR measurements in out-of-equilibrium systems by mitigating concentration evolution bias.

Contribution

The authors propose a simple permutation technique for DOSY experiments that corrects bias caused by concentration changes without modifying existing pulse sequences or software.

Findings

p-DOSY effectively removes bias in out-of-equilibrium DOSY measurements.

The method restores full accuracy in diffusion coefficient determination.

Demonstrated on glucose anomerization reaction monitoring.

Abstract

NMR spectroscopy is an excellent tool for monitoring in-situ chemical reactions. In particular, DOSY measurement is well suited to characterize transient species by the determination of their sizes. However, here we bring to light a difficulty in the DOSY experiments performed in out-of-equilibrium systems. On such a system, the evolution of the concentration of species interferes with the measurement process, and creates a bias on the diffusion coefficient determination that may lead to erroneous interpretations. We show that a random permutation of the series of gradient strengths used during the DOSY experiment allows to average out this bias. This approach, that we name p-DOSY does not require changes in the the pulse sequences nor in the processing software, and restores completely the full accuracy of the measure. This technique is demonstrated on the monitoring of the anomerization reaction of \alpha- to \beta-glucose.