Emergent Universe with Interacting fluids and Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics

TL;DR

This paper explores emergent universe models with interacting fluids under general relativity, demonstrating their observational viability and confirming the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics in such scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces two interacting fluid models for emergent universe scenarios and verifies their consistency with observations and thermodynamic laws.

Findings

Realistic cosmological models are feasible with interacting fluids.

The generalized second law of thermodynamics holds in these models.

Models align with current observational data.

Abstract

We investigate the emergent universe scenario in the presence of interacting fluids. The non-linear equation of state (EoS) considered in the general theory of relativity for obtaining emergent universe is effectively a cosmological model with a composition of three fluids. In this paper we consider two models to realize viable cosmological scenarios, {\it viz.}, (i) a two-fluid model with interaction of a pressureless fluid with the fluid having the non-linear EoS needed for the emergent universe, and (ii) a three-fluid model with interaction among the three fluids which originate from the EoS of the emergent universe. It is found that realistic cosmological models in accordance with observations are not ruled out for both the above cases. We further show that the generalized second law of thermodynamics is found to hold good in the emergent universe with interacting fluids.