One and two-dimensional quantum models: quenches and the scaling of irreversible entropy

TL;DR

This paper investigates the scaling behavior of irreversible work and entropy in quantum quenches of Dirac Hamiltonians, revealing universal scaling laws and temperature-dependent corrections in one and two dimensions.

Contribution

It introduces generic scaling relations for irreversible work and entropy in quantum quenches, supported by exact results in Dirac models across different dimensions.

Findings

Irreversible work scales appropriately in the thermodynamic limit.

Logarithmic corrections appear in 1D at zero temperature.

Logarithmic corrections in entropy are temperature-dependent and absent in 2D.

Abstract

Using the scaling relation of the ground state quantum fidelity, we propose the most generic scaling relations of the irreversible work (the residual energy) of a closed quantum system at absolute zero temperature when one of the parameters of its Hamiltonian is suddenly changed; we consider two extreme limits namely, the heat susceptibility limit and the thermodynamic limit. It is then argued that the irreversible entropy generated for a thermal quench at low enough temperature when the system is initially in a Gibbs state, is likely to show a similar scaling behavior. To illustrate this proposition, we consider zero-temperature and thermal quenches in one and two-dimensional Dirac Hamiltonians where the exact estimation of the irreversible work and the irreversible entropy is indeed possible. Exploiting these exact results, we then establish: (i) the irreversible work at zero temperature indeed shows an appropriate scaling in the thermodynamic limit; (ii) the scaling of the irreversible work in the 1D Dirac model at zero-temperature shows logarithmic corrections to the scaling which is a signature of a marginal situation. (iii) Furthermore, remarkably the logarithmic corrections do indeed appear in the scaling of the entropy generated if temperature is low enough while disappears for high temperatures. For the 2D model, no such logarithmic correction is found to appear.