Multiple period states of the superfluid Fermi gas in an optical lattice

TL;DR

This paper investigates multiple period states in a superfluid Fermi gas within an optical lattice, revealing their energetic stability and potential experimental accessibility across the BCS-BEC crossover.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence and stability of multiple period states in superfluid Fermi gases, a phenomenon not observed in BECs, using Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations.

Findings

Multiple period states can be energetically favorable in the BCS regime.

These states have increased survival times against dynamical instability.

Potential for experimental observation in current setups.

Abstract

We study multiple period states of a two-component unpolarized superfluid Fermi gas in an optical lattice along the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) crossover. The existence of states whose period is a multiple of the lattice spacing is a direct consequence of the non-linear behavior of the gas, which is due to the presence of the order parameter associated with superfluidity. By solving Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for a superfluid flow with finite quasimomentum, we find that, in the BCS side of the crossover, the multiple period states can be energetically favorable compared to the normal Bloch states and their survival time against dynamical instability drastically increases, suggesting that these states can be accessible in current experiments, in sharp contrast to the situation in BECs.