Five New Exoplanets Orbiting Three Metal-Rich, Massive Stars: Two-Planet Systems Including Long-Period Planets, and an Eccentric Planet

TL;DR

This study reports the discovery of five new exoplanets around three metal-rich stars using radial velocity measurements, revealing diverse orbital configurations including long-period and highly eccentric planets, and providing insights into planetary system architectures.

Contribution

The paper presents new exoplanet detections around metal-rich stars using optimized long-term RV analysis, including systems with multiple planets and high eccentricities, expanding knowledge of planetary system diversity.

Findings

Five new Jovian planets discovered around three stars.

Detection of a multi-planet system with circular orbits.

Identification of a highly eccentric planet in a multiple system.

Abstract

We report detections of new exoplanets from a radial velocity (RV) survey of metal-rich FGK stars by using three telescopes. By optimizing our RV analysis method to long time-baseline observations, we have succeeded in detecting five new Jovian-planets around three metal-rich stars HD 1605, HD 1666, and HD 67087 with the masses of $1.3 M_{\odot}$, $1.5 M_{\odot}$, and $1.4 M_{\odot}$, respectively. A K1 subgiant star HD 1605 hosts two planetary companions with the minimum masses of $ M_p \sin i = 0.96 M_{\mathrm{JUP}}$ and $3.5 M_{\mathrm{JUP}}$ in circular orbits with the planets' periods $P = 577.9$ days and $2111$ days, respectively. HD 1605 shows a significant linear trend in RVs. Such a system consisting of Jovian planets in circular orbits has rarely been found and thus HD 1605 should be an important example of a multi-planetary system that is likely unperturbed by planet-planet interactions. HD 1666 is a F7 main sequence star which hosts an eccentric and massive planet of $ M_p \sin i = 6.4 M_{\mathrm{JUP}}$ in the orbit with $a_{\rm p} = 0.94$ AU and an eccentricity $e=0.63$. Such an eccentric and massive planet can be explained as a result of planet-planet interactions among Jovian planets. While we have found the large residuals of $\mathrm{rms} = 35.6\ \mathrm{m\ s^{-1}}$, the periodogram analysis does not support any additional periodicities. Finally, HD 67087 hosts two planets of $ M_p \sin i = 3.1 M_{\mathrm{JUP}}$ and $4.9 M_{\mathrm{JUP}}$ in orbits with $P=352.2$ days and $2374$ days, and $e=0.17$ and $0.76$, respectively. Although the current RVs do not lead to accurate determinations of its orbit and mass, HD 67087 c can be one of the most eccentric planets ever discovered in multiple systems.