Generalized Entropy Theory of Glass Formation in Polymer Melts with Specific Interactions

TL;DR

This paper extends the generalized entropy theory to account for energetic heterogeneities within monomers, providing insights into how specific interactions and chain stiffness influence glass formation in polymers.

Contribution

It introduces an extension of the GET to include energetic heterogeneities, enabling better prediction and tailoring of polymer glass formation properties.

Findings

Energetic heterogeneities significantly affect $m_P$ and $T_g$.

The model accurately captures trends in glass formation properties.

Adjusting heterogeneities offers a way to tailor polymer properties.

Abstract

Chemical structure has been long recognized to greatly influence polymer glass formation, but a general molecular theory that predicts how chemical structure determines the properties of glass-forming polymers has been slow to develop. While the generalized entropy theory (GET) explains the influence of various molecular details on polymer glass formation, the application of the GET has heretofore been limited to the use of the simplest polymer model in which all united atom groups within the monomers of a species interact with a common monomer averaged van der Waals energy. However, energetic heterogeneities are ubiquitous within the monomers of real polymers, and their implications for polymer glass formation remain to be investigated theoretically. This paper uses an extension of the GET to explore the influence of energetic heterogeneities within monomers upon the nature of polymer glass formation. The present paper focuses on establishing general trends for the variation of characteristic properties of glass formation, such as the isobaric fragility parameter $m_P$ and the glass transition temperature $T_g$, with molecular details, such as the specific interactions and chain stiffness. Our computations confirm that the previously used model with monomer averaged interactions correctly captures general trends in the variation of $m_P$ and $T_g$ with various molecular parameters. More importantly, adjustment of the energetic heterogeneities within monomers alone are shown to provide an efficient mechanism for tailoring the properties of glass-forming polymers. The variations of polymer properties along iso-fragility and iso-$T_g$ lines are illustrated as important design tools for exhibiting the combined influence of specific interactions and chain stiffness.