Artificial Human Phantoms: Human proxy in testing microwave apparatus that have electromagnetic interaction with the human body

TL;DR

This paper reviews current artificial tissue emulating materials and phantom types used as human proxies in testing microwave devices, aiming to improve artificial human body substitutes for diverse applications.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive comparison of ATE materials and phantom fabrication methods, highlighting their advantages and limitations for better artificial human body development.

Findings

Comparison of ATE materials across frequencies

Identification of pros and cons of phantom types

Guidelines for developing superior artificial human substitutes

Abstract

In this manuscript, an effort is made in this review to address different state-of-the-art artificial tissue emulating (ATE) materials and phantom types for various operating frequencies, and fabrication procedures in order to have a better understanding of the pros and cons of various ATE phantoms which leads us to develop superior version of artificial human body substitute for various applications.