An Ammonia Spectral Map of the L1495-B218 Filaments in the Taurus Molecular Cloud : I. Physical Properties of Filaments and Dense cores

TL;DR

This study uses ammonia spectral mapping to analyze the physical properties of filaments and dense cores in the Taurus molecular cloud, revealing insights into core formation and star formation processes.

Contribution

It provides detailed physical characterization of filaments and cores in Taurus using NH$_3$ observations and introduces the CSAR algorithm for structure identification.

Findings

Most ammonia peaks coincide with dust emission peaks.

Many NH$_3$ leaves are gravitationally unbound, with some being pressure-confined.

Star formation is associated with gravitationally bound NH$_3$ cores.

Abstract

We present deep NH$_3$ observations of the L1495-B218 filaments in the Taurus molecular cloud covering over a 3 degree angular range using the K-band focal plane array on the 100m Green Bank Telescope. The L1495-B218 filaments form an interconnected, nearby, large complex extending over 8 pc. We observed NH$_3$ (1,1) and (2,2) with a spectral resolution of 0.038 km/s and a spatial resolution of 31$"$. Most of the ammonia peaks coincide with intensity peaks in dust continuum maps at 350 $\mu$m and 500 $\mu$m. We deduced physical properties by fitting a model to the observed spectra. We find gas kinetic temperatures of 8 $-$ 15 K, velocity dispersions of 0.05 $-$ 0.25 km/s, and NH$_3$ column densities of 5$\times$10$^{12}$ $-$ 1$\times$10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$. The CSAR algorithm, which is a hybrid of seeded-watershed and binary dendrogram algorithms, identifies a total of 55 NH$_3$ structures including 39 leaves and 16 branches. The masses of the NH$_3$ sources range from 0.05 M$_\odot$ to 9.5 M$_\odot$. The masses of NH$_3$ leaves are mostly smaller than their corresponding virial mass estimated from their internal and gravitational energies, which suggests these leaves are gravitationally unbound structures. 9 out of 39 NH$_3$ leaves are gravitationally bound and 7 out of 9 gravitationally bound NH$_3$ leaves are associated with star formation. We also found that 12 out of 30 gravitationally unbound leaves are pressure-confined. Our data suggest that a dense core may form as a pressure-confined structure, evolve to a gravitationally bound core, and undergo collapse to form a protostar.