Low Background Micromegas in CAST

TL;DR

This paper discusses advancements in low-background Micromegas detectors used in axion searches, achieving significantly reduced background levels and exploring future improvements for enhanced sensitivity in axion helioscopes.

Contribution

The paper presents new low-background Micromegas detector techniques and models, demonstrating a hundredfold reduction in background noise and outlining strategies for further improvements in axion detection.

Findings

Background levels below 10$^{-6}$ counts/keV/cm$^2$/s achieved

Best background levels of 10$^{-7}$ counts/keV/cm$^2$/s at LSC

Strategies for further background reduction and sub-keV thresholds

Abstract

Solar axions could be converted into x-rays inside the strong magnetic field of an axion helioscope, triggering the detection of this elusive particle. Low background x-ray detectors are an essential component for the sensitivity of these searches. We report on the latest developments of the Micromegas detectors for the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST), including technological pathfinder activities for the future International Axion Observatory (IAXO). The use of low background techniques and the application of discrimination algorithms based on the high granularity of the readout have led to background levels below 10$^{-6}$ counts/keV/cm$^2$/s, more than a factor 100 lower than the first generation of Micromegas detectors. The best levels achieved at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) are as low as 10$^{-7}$ counts/keV/cm$^2$/s, showing good prospects for the application of this technology in IAXO. The current background model, based on underground and surface measurements, is presented, as well as the strategies to further reduce the background level. Finally, we will describe the R&D paths to achieve sub-keV energy thresholds, which could broaden the physics case of axion helioscopes.