The Chemical Composition of {\tau} Ceti and Possible Effects on Terrestrial Planets

TL;DR

This study analyzes the chemical composition of { au} Ceti, a nearby star with potential terrestrial planets, and explores how its elemental abundances could influence planetary mineralogy and habitability.

Contribution

It provides detailed elemental abundances for { au} Ceti and models the habitable zone, highlighting how its unique Mg/Si ratio may affect planetary mineralogy and geophysical properties.

Findings

{ au} Ceti's Mg/Si ratio is 1.78, higher than Earth's 1.2.

Up to two planets may currently be in the habitable zone.

Planet mineralogy could differ significantly due to MgO oversaturation.

Abstract

{\tau} Ceti (HD10700), a G8 dwarf with solar mass of 0.78, is a close (3.65 pc) sun-like star where 5 possibly terrestrial planet candidates (minimum masses of 2, 3.1, 3.5, 4.3, and 6.7 Earth masses) have recently been discovered. We report abundances of 23 elements using spectra from the MIKE spectrograph on Magellan. Using stellar models with the abundances determined here, we calculate the position of the classical habitable zone with time. At the current best fit age, 7.63 Gy, up to two planets (e and f) may be in the habitable zone, depending on atmospheric properties. The Mg/Si ratio of the star is found to be 1.78, which is much greater than for Earth (about 1.2). With a system that has such an excess of Mg to Si ratio it is possible that the mineralogical make-up of planets around {\tau} Ceti could be significantly different from that of Earth, with possible oversaturation of MgO, resulting in an increase in the content of olivine and ferropericlase compared with Earth. The increase in MgO would have a drastic impact on the rheology of the mantles of the planets around {\tau} Ceti.