Candidate hypervelocity stars of spectral type G and K revisited

TL;DR

This study reanalyzed candidate hypervelocity stars of spectral types G and K, using new proper motion data, finding they are bound to the Galaxy, not originating from the Galactic Center, and likely are runaway stars from the disk or halo.

Contribution

It provides a detailed kinematic analysis of low-mass HVS candidates, challenging previous assumptions about their origins and origins from the Galactic Center.

Findings

All studied stars are bound to the Galaxy.

Stars do not originate from the Galactic Center.

Most stars are consistent with being runaway stars from the Galactic disk or belong to the halo.

Abstract

Hypervelocity stars (HVS) move so fast that they are unbound to the Galaxy. When they were first discovered in 2005, dynamical ejection from the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the Galactic Centre (GC) was suggested as their origin. The two dozen HVSs known today are young massive B stars, mostly of 3-4 solar masses. Recently, 20 HVS candidates of low mass were discovered in the Segue G and K dwarf sample, but none of them originates from the GC. We embarked on a kinematic analysis of the Segue HVS candidate sample using the full 6D phase space information based on new proper motion measurements. Their orbital properties can then be derived by tracing back their trajectories in different mass models of our Galaxy. We present the results for 14 candidate HVSs, for which proper motion measurements were possible. Significantly lower proper motions than found in the previous study were derived. Considering three different Galactic mass models we find that all stars are bound to the Galaxy. We confirm that the stars do not originate from the GC. The distribution of their proper motions and radial velocities is consistent with predictions for runaway stars ejected from the Galactic disk by the binary supernova mechanism. However, their kinematics are also consistent with old disk membership. Moreover, most stars have rather low metallicities and strong $\alpha$-element enrichment as typical for thick disk and halo stars, whereas the metallicity of the three most metal-rich stars could possibly indicate that they are runaway stars from the thin disk. One star shows halo kinematics.