Antenna-coupled photon emission from hexagonal boron nitride tunnel junctions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a nanoscale light source using gold-h-BN-gold tunnel junctions coupled with optical antennas, achieving efficient, polarized, and directional photon emission through inelastic electron tunneling.

Contribution

It introduces a novel platform combining MIM tunnel junctions with resonant antennas for efficient nanoscale photon emission, advancing nanophotonic and nanoelectronic integration.

Findings

Achieved polarized, directional light emission from tunnel junctions.

Enhanced electron-photon conversion efficiency via resonant antennas.

Established a new platform for studying electron-light interactions at the nanoscale.

Abstract

The ultrafast conversion of electrical to optical signals at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest for data processing, telecommunication and optical interconnects. However, the modulation bandwidths of semiconductor LEDs are limited by the spontaneous recombination rate of electron-hole pairs and the footprint of electrically-driven ultrafast lasers is too large for practical on-chip integration. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel junction approaches the ultimate size limit of electronic devices and its operating speed is fundamentally limited only by the tunneling time. Here we study the conversion of electron energy - localized in vertical gold-h-BN-gold tunnel junctions - into free space photons, mediated by resonant slot antennas. Optical antennas efficiently bridge the size-mismatch between nanoscale volumes and far-field radiation and strongly enhance the electron-photon conversion efficiency. We achieve polarized, directional and resonantly enhanced light emission from inelastic electron tunneling and establish a novel platform for studying the interaction of electrons with strong electromagnetic fields. Our results pave the way for the further development of nanoscopic sources of light enabled by the combination of nanophotonic design principles and nanoelectronics.