The Emergence of Life as a First Order Phase Transition

TL;DR

This paper models the emergence of life as a first-order phase transition driven by environmental coupling and resource redistribution, revealing a universal feature of life’s origin characterized by explosive diversity growth and selection dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model demonstrating that the transition from non-life to life is a first-order phase transition involving environmental feedback and resource redistribution, highlighting universal features of life's emergence.

Findings

The transition exhibits explosive diversity growth.

Environmental coupling is crucial for the transition.

Mutual information tracks the transition effectively.

Abstract

It is well known that life on Earth alters its environment over evolutionary and geological timescales. An important open question is whether this is a result of evolutionary optimization or a universal feature of life. In the latter case, the origin of life would be coincident with a shift in environmental conditions. Here we present a model for the emergence of life in which replicators are explicitly coupled to their environment through the recycling of a finite supply of resources. The model exhibits a dynamic, first-order phase transition from non-life to "life," where the life phase is distinguished by selection on replicators. We show that environmental coupling plays an important role in the dynamics of the transition. The transition corresponds to a redistribution of matter in replicators and their environment, driven by selection on replicators, exhibiting an explosive growth in diversity as replicators are selected. The transition is accurately tracked by the mutual information shared between replicators and their environment. In the absence of successfully repartitioning system resources, the transition fails to complete, leading to the possibility of many frustrated trials before life first emerges. Often, the replicators that initiate the transition are not those that are ultimately selected. The results are consistent with the view that life's propensity to shape its environment is indeed a universal feature of replicators, characteristic of the transition from non-life to life. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding life's emergence and evolutionary transitions more broadly.