Internal noise driven generalized Langevin equation from a nonlocal continuum model

TL;DR

This paper derives a generalized Langevin equation from a nonlocal continuum model that incorporates internal noise due to microstructural effects, successfully explaining experimental fluctuations in particle displacement.

Contribution

It introduces a novel GLE with internal noise derived from a micropolar nonlocal continuum, linking microstructural randomness to macroscopic fluctuation phenomena.

Findings

The new GLE reproduces experimental displacement fluctuations.

Internal noise is linked to micro-rotation randomness.

A fluctuation-dissipation-like relation is established.

Abstract

Starting with a micropolar formulation, known to account for nonlocal microstructural effects at the continuum level, a generalized Langevin equation (GLE) for a particle, describing the predominant motion of a localized region through a single displacement degree-of-freedom (DOF), is derived. The GLE features a memory dependent multiplicative or internal noise, which appears upon recognising that the micro-rotation variables possess randomness owing to an uncertainty principle. Unlike its classical version, the new GLE qualitatively reproduces the experimentally measured fluctuations in the steady-state mean square displacement of scattering centers in a polyvinyl alcohol slab. The origin of the fluctuations is traced to nonlocal spatial interactions within the continuum. A constraint equation, similar to a fluctuation dissipation theorem (FDT), is shown to statistically relate the internal noise to the other parameters in the GLE.