Approximations for the free evolution of self-gravitating quantum particles

TL;DR

This paper develops an alternative approximation method for the free evolution of self-gravitating quantum particles, simplifying calculations by assuming shape conservation of Gaussian wave packets, and compares it to previous models.

Contribution

It provides a new derivation of the equations of motion for Gaussian wave packets under self-gravity, extending previous approximations to wider wave-functions with a rigorous approach.

Findings

Derived equations of motion assuming shape conservation.

Shows deviations from previous models for wide wave-functions.

Offers a less computationally intensive method for simulating self-gravitating quantum particles.

Abstract

The evolution of the centre-of-mass wave-function for a mesoscopic particle according to the Schr\"odinger-Newton equation can be approximated by a harmonic potential, if the wave-function is narrow compared to the size of the particle. It was noticed by Colin et al. [Phys. Rev. A, 93, 062102 (2016)] that, in the regime where self-gravitational effects are weak, intermediate and wider wave-functions may be approximated by a harmonic potential as well, but with a width dependent coupling, leading to a time evolution that is determined only by a differential equation for the width of a Gaussian wave-function as a single parameter. Such an approximation results in considerably less computational effort in order to predict the self-gravitational effects on the wave-function dynamics. Here, we provide an alternative approach to this kind of approximation, including a rigorous derivation of the equations of motion for an initially Gaussian wave packet, under the assumption that its shape is conserved. Our result deviates to some degree from the result by Colin et al., specifically in the limit of wide wave-functions.