$a_1(1420)$ resonance as a tetraquark state and its isospin partner

TL;DR

This paper investigates the $a_1(1420)$ resonance as a tetraquark state using QCD sum rules, supporting its tetraquark nature and exploring its decay patterns and relation to isospin violations.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic classification of tetraquark currents and identifies a specific current consistent with the $a_1(1420)$ mass, supporting its tetraquark interpretation.

Findings

Identifies a tetraquark current with mass matching $a_1(1420)$

Supports tetraquark explanation for $a_1(1420)$ and $f_1(1420)$

Proposes decay modes and links to isospin violation phenomena

Abstract

We systematically construct tetraquark currents of $I^GJ^{PC}=1^-1^{++}$ and classify them into types $\mathbf{A}$ (antisymmetric), $\mathbf{S}$ (symmetric) and $\mathbf{M}$ (mixed), based on flavor symmetries of diquarks and antidiquarks composing the tetra quark currents. We use tetraquark currents of type $\mathbf{M}$ to perform QCD sum rule analyses, and find a tetraquark current $\eta^M_{5\mu}$ with quark contents $q s\bar q \bar s$($q=u$ or $d$) leading to a mass of $1.44 \pm 0.08$ GeV consistent with the $a_1(1420)$ state recently observed by the COMPASS collaboration. Our results support tetraquark explanations for both $a_1(1420)$ and $f_1(1420)$, assuming that they are isospin partners. We also study their possible decay patterns. As tetraquark candidates, the possible decay modes of $a_1(1420)$ are $S$-wave $a_1(1420) \rightarrow K^*(892)K$ and $P$-wave $a_1(1420)\rightarrow f_0(980) \pi$ while the possible decay patterns of $f_1(1420)$ are $S$-wave $f_1(1420) \rightarrow K^*(892)K$ and $P$-wave $f_1(1420) \rightarrow a_0(980) \pi$. We speculate that $a_1(1420)$ is partly responsible for the large isospin violation in the $\eta(1405)\to f_0(980)\pi_0$ decay mode which is reported by BESIII collaboration in the $J/\psi\to\gamma 3\pi$ process.