Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of the core-degenerate scenario for Type Ia supernovae

TL;DR

This study uses 3D simulations to explore the core-degenerate scenario for Type Ia supernovae, showing it can produce massive white dwarfs with characteristics similar to other models, depending on the circumbinary disk mass.

Contribution

First 3D simulation of the core-degenerate scenario for Type Ia supernovae, analyzing merger outcomes based on circumbinary disk mass.

Findings

Merger can produce a massive white dwarf suitable for the scenario.

Merger characteristics are similar to the double-degenerate scenario.

Outcome depends on the circumbinary disk mass.

Abstract

The core-degenerate (CD) scenario for type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) involves the merger of the hot core of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star and a white dwarf, and might contribute a non-negligible fraction of all thermonuclear supernovae. Despite its potential interest, very few studies, and based on only crude simplifications, have been devoted to investigate this possible scenario, compared with the large efforts invested to study some other scenarios. Here we perform the first three-dimensional simulations of the merger phase, and find that this process can lead to the formation of a massive white dwarf, as required by this scenario. We consider two situations, according to the mass of the circumbinary disk formed around the system during the final stages of the common envelope phase. If the disk is massive enough, the stars merge on a highly eccentric orbit. Otherwise, the merger occurs after the circumbinary disk has been ejected and gravitational wave radiation has brought the stars close to the Roche lobe radius on a nearly circular orbit. Not surprisingly, the overall characteristics of the merger remnants are similar to those found for the double-degenerate (DD) scenario, independently of the very different core temperature and of the orbits of the merging stars. They consist of a central massive white dwarf, surrounded by a hot, rapidly rotating corona and a thick debris region.