Non-perturbative effects in spin glasses

TL;DR

This study investigates the nature of phase transitions in a hierarchical Ising spin glass model with an external field, revealing non-perturbative effects in the non-mean-field region through numerical and theoretical analysis.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of Monte Carlo simulations and renormalization-group methods, highlighting the limitations of perturbative approaches in the non-mean-field regime.

Findings

MC simulations indicate a phase transition in the NMF region.

RG analysis predicts no transition in the NMF region.

Critical exponent ν is significantly larger than classical value in NMF.

Abstract

We present a numerical study of an Ising spin glass with hierarchical interactions - the hierarchical Edwards-Anderson model with an external magnetic field (HEA). We study the model with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the mean-field (MF) and non-mean-field (NMF) regions corresponding to $d\geq4$ and $d<4$ for the $d$-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model respectively. We compare the MC results with those of a renormalization-group (RG) study where the critical fixed point is treated as a perturbation of the MF one, along the same lines as in the $\epsilon$-expansion for the Ising model. The MC and the RG method agree in the MF region, predicting the existence of a transition and compatible values of the critical exponents. Conversely, the two approaches markedly disagree in the NMF case, where the MC data indicates a transition, while the RG analysis predicts that no perturbative critical fixed point exists. Also, the MC estimate of the critical exponent $\nu$ in the NMF region is about twice as large as its classical value, even if the analog of the system dimension is within only $\sim 2\%$ from its upper-critical-dimension value. Taken together, these results indicate that the transition in the NMF region is governed by strong non-perturbative effects.