Lepton number violation and neutrino masses in 3-3-1 models

TL;DR

This paper explores how lepton number violation relates to neutrino masses within various 3-3-1 models, analyzing spontaneous and explicit violations and their implications for gauge boson properties.

Contribution

It investigates lepton number violation mechanisms in 3-3-1 models, including the spontaneous violation in the economical model and the absence of the Majoron.

Findings

Lepton number is spontaneously violated in the economical 3-3-1 model.

The Majoron is gauged away, contributing to gauge boson mass.

Different violation scenarios are analyzed within the models.

Abstract

Lepton number violation and its relation to neutrino masses is investigated in several versions of the $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_x$ model. Spontaneous and explicit violation and conservation of the lepton number are considered. In one of the models (the so-called economical one), the lepton number is spontaneously violated and it is found that the would be Majoron is not present because it is gauged away, poviding in this way the longitudinal polarization component to a now massive gauge field.