FePd$_{3}$ as a material for thermally active artificial spin ice

TL;DR

This paper introduces FePd$_{3}$ as a new material for thermally active artificial spin ice, demonstrating high-quality ground state ordering and monopole charge-ordering in square and kagome geometries, with simulations supporting the experimental results.

Contribution

The study presents FePd$_{3}$ as a novel material enabling improved thermally active artificial spin ice experiments with high-ordering capabilities.

Findings

Perfect ground state ordering in square lattice

Highest degree of monopole charge-ordering in kagome lattice

Smaller lattice constants lead to larger charge-ordered domains

Abstract

We introduce FePd$_{3}$ as a new material for studying thermally active artificial spin ice (ASI) systems and use it to investigate both the square and kagome ice geometries. We readily achieve perfect ground state ordering in the square lattice and demonstrate the highest yet degree of monopole charge-ordering in the kagome lattice. We find that smaller lattice constants in the kagome system generally produce larger domains of charge order. Monte Carlo simulations show excellent agreement with our data when a small amount of disorder is included in the simulation.