Star Formation in Semi-Analytic Galaxy Formation Models with Multiphase Gas

TL;DR

This paper integrates physically motivated gas phase partitioning and empirical star formation recipes into semi-analytic galaxy formation models, analyzing their effects on galaxy evolution and properties across cosmic time.

Contribution

It introduces new recipes for gas phase partitioning and star formation in semi-analytic models, assessing their impact on galaxy evolution predictions.

Findings

Galaxy stellar properties are insensitive to gas partitioning recipes.

Low-mass galaxy properties are sensitive to H2 formation recipes.

Massive galaxy formation epochs depend on star formation recipes.

Abstract

We implement physically motivated recipes for partitioning cold gas into different phases (atomic, molecular, and ionized) in galaxies within semi-analytic models of galaxy formation based on cosmological merger trees. We then model the conversion of molecular gas into stars using empirical recipes motivated by recent observations. We explore the impact of these new recipes on the evolution of fundamental galaxy properties such as stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and gas and stellar phase metallicity. We present predictions for stellar mass functions, stellar mass vs. SFR relations, and cold gas phase and stellar mass-metallicity relations for our fiducial models, from redshift $z\sim 6$ to the present day. In addition we present predictions for the global SFR, mass assembly history, and cosmic enrichment history. We find that the predicted stellar properties of galaxies (stellar mass, SFR, metallicity) are remarkably insensitive to the details of the recipes used for partitioning gas into HI and H$_2$. We see significant sensitivity to the recipes for H$_2$ formation only in very low mass halos, which host galaxies that are not detectable with current observational facilities except very nearby. The properties of low-mass galaxies are also quite insensitive to the details of the recipe used for converting H$_2$ into stars, while the formation epoch of massive galaxies does depend on this significantly. (Abridged)