A Comprehensive Archival Search for Counterparts to Ultra-Compact High Velocity Clouds: Five Local Volume Dwarf Galaxies
D.J. Sand, D. Crnojevi\'c, P. Bennet, B. Willman, J. Hargis, J., Strader, E. Olszewski, E.J. Tollerud, J.D. Simon, N. Caldwell, P., Guhathakurta, B. L. James, S. Koposov, B. McLeod, N. Morrell, M. Peacock, R., Salinas, A.C. Seth, D. P. Stark, E. Toloba

TL;DR
This study identifies five dwarf galaxies associated with ultra-compact high velocity clouds through archival optical and ultraviolet imaging, confirming their nature and suggesting many such systems remain undetected due to low surface brightness.
Contribution
First comprehensive archival search linking UCHVCs to stellar counterparts, revealing five new dwarf galaxies and highlighting detection challenges.
Findings
Five dwarf galaxies confirmed via spectroscopy.
Dwarfs' properties align with known Local Volume irregulars.
High gas fractions observed, especially in one galaxy.
Abstract
We report five Local Volume dwarf galaxies (two of which are presented here for the first time) uncovered during a comprehensive archival search for optical counterparts to ultra-compact high velocity clouds (UCHVCs). The UCHVC population of HI clouds are thought to be candidate gas-rich, low mass halos at the edge of the Local Group and beyond, but no comprehensive search for stellar counterparts to these systems has been presented. Careful visual inspection of all publicly available optical and ultraviolet imaging at the position of the UCHVCs revealed six blue, diffuse counterparts with a morphology consistent with a faint dwarf galaxy beyond the Local Group. Optical spectroscopy of all six candidate dwarf counterparts show that five have an H-derived velocity consistent with the coincident HI cloud, confirming their association, the sixth diffuse counterpart is likely a…
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