Composite Photon Theory Versus Elementary Photon Theory

TL;DR

This paper compares the composite photon theory with the standard elementary photon theory, analyzing their predictions and experimental implications, and finds that current results do not rule out the composite model.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison between the composite photon theory and the Standard Model, addressing historical objections and proposing experimental tests.

Findings

Both theories yield similar results in most areas.

The composite photon theory can account for phenomena the Standard Model explains.

Experimental tests could distinguish between the two theories.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to show that the composite photon theory measures up well against the Standard Model's elementary photon theory. This is done by comparing the two theories area by area. Although the predictions of quantum electrodynamics are in excellent agreement with experiment (as in the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron), there are some problems, such as the difficulty in describing the electromagnetic field with the four-component vector potential because the photon has only two polarization states. In most areas the two theories give similar results, so it is impossible to rule out the composite photon theory. Pryce's arguments in 1938 against a composite photon theory are shown to be invalid or irrelevant. Recently, it has been realized that in the composite theory the antiphoton does not interact with matter because it is formed of a neutrino and an antineutrino with the wrong helicity. This leads to experimental tests that can determine which theory is correct.