Photon propagation in slowly varying inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields

TL;DR

This paper derives analytical formulas for photon behavior in inhomogeneous, slowly varying electromagnetic fields, crucial for understanding quantum vacuum effects in high-intensity laser experiments.

Contribution

It provides the first compact analytical expressions for the photon polarization tensor in realistic Gaussian laser pulses with inhomogeneous backgrounds.

Findings

Analytical photon polarization tensor in Gaussian laser pulses

Expressions applicable to high-intensity laser experiments

Enhanced understanding of quantum vacuum nonlinearities

Abstract

Starting from the Heisenberg-Euler effective Lagrangian, we determine the photon current and photon polarization tensor in inhomogeneous, slowly varying electromagnetic fields. To this end, we consider background field configurations varying in both space and time, paying special attention to the tensor structure. As a main result, we obtain compact analytical expressions for the photon polarization tensor in realistic Gaussian laser pulses, as generated in the focal spots of high-intensity lasers. These expressions are of utmost importance for the investigation of quantum vacuum nonlinearities in realistic high-intensity laser experiments.