Spinor Condensates on a Cylindrical Surface in Synthetic Gauge Fields

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to create a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate on a cylindrical surface with a synthetic magnetic field, revealing unique vortex structures and ground state configurations influenced by curvature.

Contribution

It introduces a novel setup for generating a quasi 2D spinor BEC on a cylindrical surface with synthetic gauge fields, highlighting new vortex types and ground state arrangements.

Findings

Identification of two vortex types (A and B) with the same vorticity.

Ground state configurations vary with spin magnitude, forming alternating vortex rows.

Curvature induces rich phenomena in BEC properties on cylindrical surfaces.

Abstract

We point out that by modifying the setup of a recent experiment that generates a Dirac string, one can create a quasi 2D spinor Bose condensate on a cylindrical surface with a synthetic magnetic field pointing radially outward from the cylindrical surface. The synthetic magnetic field takes the form of the Landau gauge. It is generated by the Berry's phase of a spin texture, frozen by an external quadrupolar magnetic field. Unlike in the planar case, there are two types of vortices (called A and B) with the same vorticity. The ground state for $5\le S\le 9$ consists of a row of alternating AB vortices lying at the equatorial circle of the cylinder. For higher values of $S$, the A and B vortices split into two rows and are displaced from each other along the cylindrical axis $z$. The fact that many properties of a BEC are altered in a cylindrical surface implies many rich phenomena will emerge for ground states in curved surfaces.