Thermal Interpretation of Schwinger Effect in Near-Extremal RN Black Hole

TL;DR

This paper offers a thermal interpretation of the Schwinger effect near extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes, linking charge emission to an effective temperature derived from the black hole's near-horizon geometry.

Contribution

It introduces a thermal framework for understanding Schwinger pair production in near-extremal black holes, connecting it to the Davies-Unruh temperature and stability bounds.

Findings

Charge emission follows a thermal distribution with an effective temperature.

Derived a charge stability bound analogous to the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound.

Calculated the one-loop QED effective action consistent with vacuum persistence.

Abstract

We propose a thermal interpretation of the Schwinger effect for charged scalars and spinors in an extremal and near-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m (RN) black hole. The emission of charges has the distribution with an effective temperature determined by the Davies-Unruh temperature for accelerating charges by the electric field and the scalar curvature of AdS_2 from the near-horizon geometry AdS_2 X S^2. We find a charge bound for the extremal micro black hole to remain stable against the Schwinger emission in analogy with the Breitenlohlner-Freedman bound for the AdS space. In the in-out formalism we find the one-loop QED effective action consistent with the vacuum persistence and interpret the vacuum persistence as the leading Schwinger effect and the effect of a charged vacuum of the Coulomb field.