The reconfigurable Josephson circulator/directional amplifier
K. M. Sliwa, M. Hatridge, A. Narla, S. Shankar, L. Frunzio, R. J., Schoelkopf, M. H. Devoret

TL;DR
This paper demonstrates a reconfigurable superconducting microwave circuit that functions as both a circulator and a directional amplifier, offering low noise, reversibility, and dynamic mode switching for quantum information applications.
Contribution
It introduces a simple, three-pump Josephson circuit capable of reconfigurable non-reciprocal functions, unifying circulator and amplifier roles in a single device.
Findings
Achieved noise performance comparable to standard amplifiers.
Demonstrated reversible circulation direction.
Enabled dynamic switching between modes.
Abstract
Circulators and directional amplifiers are crucial non-reciprocal signal routing and processing components involved in microwave readout chains for a variety of applications. They are particularly important in the field of superconducting quantum information, where the devices also need to have minimal photon losses to preserve the quantum coherence of signals. Conventional commercial implementations of each device suffer from losses and are built from very different physical principles, which has led to separate strategies for the construction of their quantum-limited versions. However, as recently proposed theoretically, by establishing simultaneous pairwise conversion and/or gain processes between three modes of a Josephson-junction based superconducting microwave circuit, it is possible to endow the circuit with the functions of either a phase-preserving directional amplifier or a…
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