Complete hyperfine Paschen-Back regime at relatively small magnetic fields realized in Potassium nano-cell

TL;DR

This study demonstrates the realization of the complete hyperfine Paschen-Back regime in potassium atoms using a nano-cell at relatively low magnetic fields, revealing detailed atomic transition behaviors and guiding transitions.

Contribution

The paper introduces a nano-cell technique combined with $ ext{λ/2}$- and $ ext{λ}$-methods to effectively study hyperfine Paschen-Back regime in potassium at low magnetic fields, highlighting the observation of guiding transitions.

Findings

Complete hyperfine Paschen-Back regime observed at ~1 kG.

Identification of guiding transitions (GT) in potassium D1 line.

Theoretical models accurately describe experimental results.

Abstract

A one-dimensional nano-metric-thin cell (NC) filled with potassium metal has been built and used to study optical atomic transitions in external magnetic fields. These studies benefit from the remarkable features of the NC allowing one to use $\lambda/2$- and $\lambda$-methods for effective investigations of individual transitions of the K D_1 line. The methods are based on strong narrowing of the absorption spectrum of the atomic column of thickness L equal to $\lambda/2$ and to $\lambda$(with $\lambda = 770\un{nm}$ being the resonant laser radiation wavelength). In particular, for a $\pi$-polarized radiation excitation the $\lambda$-method allows us to resolve eight atomic transitions (in two groups of four atomic transitions) and to reveal two remarkable transitions that we call Guiding Transitions (GT). The probabilities of all other transitions inside the group (as well as the frequency slope versus magnetic field) tend to the probability and to the slope of GT. Note that for circular polarization there is one group of four transitions and GT do not exist. Among eight transitions there are also two transitions (forbidden for $B$ = 0) with the probabilities undergoing strong modification under the influence of magnetic fields. Practically the complete hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is observed at relatively low ($\sim 1\un{kG}$) magnetic fields. Note that for K $D_2$ line GT are absent. Theoretical models describe the experiment very well.