Towards Constructing Ramanujan Graphs Using Shift Lifts

TL;DR

This paper explores the use of shift $k$-lifts to construct Ramanujan graphs more efficiently, providing initial results for $k=3,4$ and proposing a pathway to polynomial-time algorithms.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of shift $k$-lifts that preserve Ramanujan properties for specific small values of $k$, advancing towards more efficient graph construction methods.

Findings

Existence of shift 3-lifts preserving Ramanujan property.

Existence of shift 4-lifts preserving Ramanujan property.

Potential for polynomial-time Ramanujan graph construction.

Abstract

In a breakthrough work, Marcus-Spielman-Srivastava recently showed that every $d$-regular bipartite Ramanujan graph has a 2-lift that is also $d$-regular bipartite Ramanujan. As a consequence, a straightforward iterative brute-force search algorithm leads to the construction of a $d$-regular bipartite Ramanujan graph on $N$ vertices in time $2^{O(dN)}$. Shift $k$-lifts studied by Agarwal-Kolla-Madan lead to a natural approach for constructing Ramanujan graphs more efficiently. The number of possible shift $k$-lifts of a $d$-regular $n$-vertex graph is $k^{nd/2}$. Suppose the following holds for $k=2^{\Omega(n)}$: There exists a shift $k$-lift that maintains the Ramanujan property of $d$-regular bipartite graphs on $n$ vertices for all $n$. (*) Then, by performing a similar brute-force search algorithm, one would be able to construct an $N$-vertex bipartite Ramanujan graph in time $2^{O(d\,log^2 N)}$. Furthermore, if (*) holds for all $k \geq 2$, then one would obtain an algorithm that runs in $\mathrm{poly}_d(N)$ time. In this work, we take a first step towards proving (*) by showing the existence of shift $k$-lifts that preserve the Ramanujan property in $d$-regular bipartite graphs for $k=3,4$.