3+1-dimensional thin-shell wormhole with deformed throat can be supported by normal matter

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to support 3+1-dimensional thin-shell wormholes with deformed throats using normal matter, addressing the exotic matter problem by considering angular-dependent shapes.

Contribution

It introduces a new approach with angular-dependent throat geometries that can sustain wormholes with positive matter density, avoiding exotic matter requirements.

Findings

Deformed spherical throats can be supported by normal matter.

General conditions for shape functions to satisfy positive density.

Examples demonstrating feasible throat geometries.

Abstract

From physics standpoint exotic matter problem is a major difficulty in thin-shell wormholes (TSWs) with spherical / cylindrical throat topologies. We aim to circumvent this handicap by considering angular dependent throats in $3+1-$dimensions. By considering the throat of the TSW to be deformed spherical, i.e., a function of $\theta $ and $\varphi $, we present general conditions which are to be satisfied by the shape of the throat in order to have the wormhole supported by matter with positive density in the static reference frame. We provide particular solutions / examples to the constraint conditions.