A model independent method for quantitative estimation of $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry breaking using Dalitz plot

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel, model-independent approach using Dalitz plot asymmetries to quantitatively estimate $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry breaking in heavy meson decays, enhancing understanding of weak decay dynamics.

Contribution

It proposes a new method leveraging Dalitz plot asymmetries to measure $SU(3)$ breaking effects in three-body meson decays, independent of specific models.

Findings

Dalitz plot asymmetries can reveal $SU(2)$ symmetry violations.

Characteristic distributions enable measurement of symmetry breaking.

Method applicable to various heavy meson decay modes.

Abstract

The light hadron states are satisfactorily described in the quark model using $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry. If the $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry relating the light hadrons were exact, one would have an exchange symmetry between these hadrons arising out of the exchange of the up, down and strange quarks. This aspect of $SU(3)$ symmetry is used extensively to relate many decay modes of heavy quarks. However, the nature of the effects of $SU(3)$ breaking in such decays is not well understood and hence, a reliable estimate of $SU(3)$ breaking effects is missing. In this work we propose a new method to quantitatively estimate the extent of flavor symmetry breaking and better understand the nature of such breaking using Dalitz plot. We study the three non-commuting $SU(2)$ symmetries (subsumed in $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry): isospin (or $T$-spin), $U$-spin and $V$-spin, using the Dalitz plots of some three-body meson decays. We look at the Dalitz plot distributions of decays in which pairs of the final three particles are related by two distinct $SU(2)$ symmetries. We show that such decay modes have characteristic distributions that enable the measurement of violation of each of the three $SU(2)$ symmetries via Dalitz plot asymmetries in a single decay mode. Experimental estimates of these easily measurable asymmetries would help in better understanding the weak decays of heavy mesons into both two and three light mesons.