A longitudinal study of field emission in CEBAF's SRF cavities 1995-2015

TL;DR

This twenty-year study analyzes field emission phenomena in CEBAF's superconducting RF cavities, revealing how ceramic RF windows enable monitoring and modeling of emission behavior to improve accelerator performance.

Contribution

The paper presents a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of field emission in SRF cavities, introducing a novel monitoring method using ceramic RF windows and statistical modeling over two decades.

Findings

Field emission limits cavity operation gradients.

Ceramic RF windows charge and discharge predictably.

Statistical models help minimize operational interruptions.

Abstract

Field emission is one of the key issues in superconducting RF. When present, it limits operating gradient directly or via induced heat load at 2K. In order to minimize particulate contamination of and thus field emission in the CEBAF SRF cavities during assembly, a ceramic RF window was placed very close to the accelerating cavity proper. As an unintended consequence of this, it has been possible to monitor and model field emission in the CEBAF cavities since in-tunnel operation began. The ceramic is charged by field emission to a stable voltage and then discharges. This phenomenon had to be studied statistically to minimize the number of interruptions to accelerator operation for nuclear physics. We report here the results of our twenty year study of this and related phenomena.