Observation of Discrete Oscillations in a Model-independent Plot of Cosmological Scale Factor vs. Lookback Time and a Scalar Field Model

TL;DR

This paper reports the detection of damped oscillations in a model-independent plot of cosmological scale factor versus time, suggesting a scalar field model that could explain dark matter and fit cosmological data.

Contribution

It introduces a novel observation of oscillations in cosmological data and proposes a scalar field harmonic oscillator model as a dark matter candidate.

Findings

Detected approximately 0.15 Hubble time oscillations in scale factor data.

Scalar field model fits cosmological data as well as LCDM, with a very small scalar mass.

Identified harmonics consistent with fundamental oscillation frequency.

Abstract

We have observed damped longitudinal cosmological-scale oscillations in a unique model-independent plot of scale factor against cosmological time for Type Ia supernovae data. We found several first-derivative relative maxima/minima spanning the range of reported transition-redshifts. These extrema comprise 2 full cycles with a period of approximately 0.15 Hubble times (H0=68 km/s/Mpc). This period corresponds to a fundamental frequency of approximately 7 cycles over the Hubble time. Transition-z values quoted in the literature generally fall near these minima and may explain the reported wide spread up to the predicted LCDM value of approximately z = 0.77. We also observe second and third harmonics of the fundamental. The scale factor data is analyzed several different ways including smoothing, Fourier transform and autocorrelation. We propose a cosmological scalar field harmonic oscillator model for the observation. On this time scale, for a quantum scalar field, the scalar field mass is extraordinarily small at 3x10-32 eV. Our scalar field density parameter precisely replaces the LCDM dark matter density parameter in the Friedmann equations, resulting in essentially identical data fits, and its present value matches the Planck value. Thus the wave is fundamentally a dark matter wave. We therefore posit that this scalar field manifests itself as the dark matter.