Broadband Quantum Efficiency Enhancement in High Index Nanowires Resonators

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates significant broadband quantum efficiency enhancement in high index nanowire resonators, achieving up to 350% external quantum efficiency, and introduces a novel tapered nanowire design for broadband absorption.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental demonstration of high quantum efficiency in high refractive index nanowires and introduces broadband absorption in tapered nanowires for improved photovoltaic performance.

Findings

Up to 350% external quantum efficiency in PbS nanowire resonators.

Broadband absorption achieved in tapered nanowires with varying diameters.

Power conversion efficiency comparable to complex Si nanowire cells with simpler fabrication.

Abstract

Light trapping in sub-wavelength semiconductor nanowires (NWs) offers a promising approach to simultaneously reducing material consumption and enhancing photovoltaic performance. Nevertheless, the absorption efficiency of a NW, defined by the ratio of optical absorption cross section to the NW diameter, lingers around 1 in existing NW photonic devices, and the absorption enhancement suffers from a narrow spectral width. Here, we show that the absorption efficiency can be significantly improved in NWs with higher refractive indices, by an experimental observation of up to 350% external quantum efficiency (EQE) in lead sulfide (PbS) NW resonators, a 3-fold increase compared to Si NWs. Furthermore, broadband absorption enhancement is achieved in single tapered NWs, where light of various wavelengths is absorbed at segments with different diameters analogous to a tandem solar cell. Overall, the single NW Schottky junction solar cells benefit from optical resonance, near bandgap open circuit voltage, and long minority carrier diffusion length, demonstrating power conversion efficiency (PCE) comparable to single Si NW coaxial p-n junction cells11, but with much simpler fabrication processes.