Magnetic field-line lengths inside interplanetary magnetic flux ropes

TL;DR

This study investigates the structure of magnetic flux ropes in interplanetary space, revealing that their field-line twist and length distributions differ from traditional models, and providing insights based on in-situ spacecraft measurements.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that interplanetary flux ropes have constant low twist and lengths inconsistent with the Lundquist model, using direct measurements and flux-rope modeling.

Findings

Field-line twist distributions are inconsistent with the Lundquist model.

Measurements support flux ropes with constant, low twist.

Model calculations align with direct length measurements.

Abstract

We report on the detailed and systematic study of field-line twist and length distributions within magnetic flux ropes embedded in Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs). The Grad-Shafranov reconstruction method is utilized together with a constant-twist nonlinear force-free (Gold-Hoyle) flux rope model to reveal the close relation between the field-line twist and length in cylindrical flux ropes, based on in-situ Wind spacecraft measurements. We show that the field-line twist distributions within interplanetary flux ropes are inconsistent with the Lundquist model. In particular we utilize the unique measurements of magnetic field-line lengths within selected ICME events as provided by Kahler et al. (2011) based on energetic electron burst observations at 1 AU and the associated type III radio emissions detected by the Wind spacecraft. These direct measurements are compared with our model calculations to help assess the flux-rope interpretation of the embedded magnetic structures. By using the different flux-rope models, we show that the in-situ direct measurements of field-line lengths are consistent with a flux-rope structure with spiral field lines of constant and low twist, largely different from that of the Lundquist model, especially for relatively large-scale flux ropes.