Fine Entanglement and State Manipulation of Two Spin Coupled Qubits: A Lie Theoretic Overview

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how to fully control the quantum states of two coupled spin-1/2 particles using Lie algebra techniques and pulsed magnetic fields, enabling precise entanglement manipulation.

Contribution

It provides a Lie theoretic framework and explicit algorithm for realizing any $SU(4)$ state transformation in two-spin systems with magnetic field pulses.

Findings

Any $SU(4)$ state can be manipulated with two or three magnetic field directions.

An explicit Lie algebra-based algorithm for state control is developed.

Numerical validation confirms the algorithm's effectiveness.

Abstract

By building on the work in Kuzmak & Tkachuk, "Preparation of quantum states of two spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles in the form of the Schmidt decomposition", Physics Letters A, {\bf 378}, pp1469-1474, which outlined the control of the degree of entanglement within this system, it is proven that any $SU(4)$ state manipulation operator can be realised for this system using a sequence of pulsed magnetic fields in either two linearly independent directions if the gyromagnetic ratios are unequal or three directions for equal gyromagnetic ratios. To achieve this goal, an elementary Lie theoretic proof of the fact that the group of transformations generated by finite products of exponentials of a set of Lie algebra vectors is equal to the Lie group generated by the smallest Lie algebra containing those vectors is rewritten into an explicit algorithm. A numerical example as well as the proof of the algorithm's effectiveness is given.