k-Extreme Points in Symmetric Spaces of Measurable Operators

TL;DR

This paper characterizes $k$-extreme points in symmetric spaces of measurable operators associated with semifinite von Neumann algebras, linking properties of operators to their singular value functions and extending classical results to a noncommutative setting.

Contribution

It establishes new criteria for $k$-extremity of operators in noncommutative symmetric spaces based on singular value functions and explores the implications for $k$-rotundity and orbit structures.

Findings

Characterization of $k$-extreme points via singular value functions.

Equivalence of $k$-rotundity in non-atomic von Neumann algebras.

Description of $k$-extreme points in orbits and Marcinkiewicz spaces.

Abstract

Let $\mathcal{M}$ be a semifinite von Neumann algebra with a faithful, normal, semifinite trace $\tau$ and $E$ be a strongly symmetric Banach function space on $[0,\tau(1))$. We show that an operator $x$ in the unit sphere of $E\left(\mathcal{M},\tau\right)$ is $k$-extreme, $k\in\mathbb N$, whenever its singular value function $\mu(x)$ is $k$-extreme and one of the following conditions hold (i) $\mu(\infty,x)=\lim_{t\to\infty}\mu(t,x)=0$ or (ii) $n(x)\mathcal{M} n(x^*)=0$ and $|x|\geq \mu(\infty,x)s(x)$, where $n(x)$ and $s(x)$ are null and support projections of $x$, respectively. The converse is true whenever $\mathcal{M}$ is non-atomic. The global $k$-rotundity property follows, that is if $\mathcal{M}$ is non-atomic then $E$ is $k$-rotund if and only if $E\left(\mathcal{M},\tau\right)$ is $k$-rotund. As a consequence of the noncommutive results we obtain that $f$ is a $k$-extreme point of the unit ball of the strongly symmetric function space $E$ if and only if its decreasing rearrangement $\mu(f)$ is $k$-extreme and $|f|\geq \mu(\infty,f)$. We conclude with the corollary on orbits $\Omega(g)$ and $\Omega'(g)$. We get that $f$ is a $k$-extreme point of the orbit $\Omega(g)$, $g\in L_1+L_{\infty}$, or $\Omega'(g)$, $g\in L_1[0,\alpha)$, $\alpha<\infty$, if and only if $\mu(f)=\mu(g)$ and $|f|\geq \mu(\infty,f)$. From this we obtain a characterization of $k$-extreme points in Marcinkiewicz spaces.