A Survey of Irradiated Pillars, Globules, and Jets in the Carina Nebul

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive multi-wavelength survey of the Carina Nebula, revealing how UV radiation influences star formation, outflows, and the structure of molecular clouds, with new candidate outflows and detailed interface observations.

Contribution

It offers the first large-scale, multi-wavelength imaging survey of the Carina region, identifying new outflows and analyzing irradiated interfaces in star-forming areas.

Findings

Identification of new candidate outflows.

Observation of spatial offsets between H$_2$ and Br$\gamma$ emissions.

Detailed mapping of irradiated pillars and shock waves.

Abstract

We present wide-field, deep narrowband H$_2$, Br$\gamma$, H$\alpha$, [S II], [O III], and broadband I and K-band images of the Carina star formation region. The new images provide a large-scale overview of all the H$_2$ and Br$\gamma$ emission present in over a square degree centered on this signature star forming complex. By comparing these images with archival HST and Spitzer images we observe how intense UV radiation from O and B stars affects star formation in molecular clouds. We use the images to locate new candidate outflows and identify the principal shock waves and irradiated interfaces within dozens of distinct areas of star-forming activity. Shocked molecular gas in jets traces the parts of the flow that are most shielded from the intense UV radiation. Combining the H$_2$ and optical images gives a more complete view of the jets, which are sometimes only visible in H$_2$. The Carina region hosts several compact young clusters, and the gas within these clusters is affected by radiation from both the cluster stars and the massive stars nearby. The Carina Nebula is ideal for studying the physics of young H II regions and PDR's, as it contains multiple examples of walls and irradiated pillars at various stages of development. Some of the pillars have detached from their host molecular clouds to form proplyds. Fluorescent H$_2$ outlines the interfaces between the ionized and molecular gas, and after removing continuum, we detect spatial offsets between the Br$\gamma$ and H$_2$ emission along the irradiated interfaces. These spatial offsets can be used to test current models of PDRs once synthetic maps of these lines become available.