Internetwork chromospheric bright grains observed with IRIS

TL;DR

This study uses IRIS and ground-based observations to analyze small-scale chromospheric brightenings called grains, linking them to acoustic waves and their signatures across different spectral lines.

Contribution

It provides a detailed multi-wavelength analysis of chromospheric bright grains, identifying them as acoustic waves and clarifying their spectral signatures and origins.

Findings

Bright grains are linked to chromospheric acoustic waves.

Grain intensity in 2796 Å is from Mg II k core and wings.

Some grains show signatures reaching the transition region.

Abstract

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) reveals small-scale rapid brightenings in the form of bright grains all over coronal holes and the quiet sun. These bright grains are seen with the IRIS 1330 \AA, 1400 \AA\ and 2796 \AA\ slit-jaw filters. We combine coordinated observations with IRIS and from the ground with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) which allows us to have chromospheric (Ca II 8542 \AA, Ca II H 3968 \AA, H\alpha, and Mg II k 2796 \AA), and transition region (C II 1334 \AA, Si IV 1402) spectral imaging, and single-wavelength Stokes maps in Fe I 6302 \AA at high spatial (0.33"), temporal and spectral resolution. We conclude that the IRIS slit-jaw grains are the counterpart of so-called acoustic grains, i.e., resulting from chromospheric acoustic waves in a non-magnetic environment. We compare slit-jaw images with spectra from the IRIS spectrograph. We conclude that the grain intensity in the 2796 \AA\ slit-jaw filter comes from both the Mg II k core and wings. The signal in the C II and Si IV lines is too weak to explain the presence of grains in the 1300 and 1400 \AA\ slit-jaw images and we conclude that the grain signal in these passbands comes mostly from the continuum. Even though weak, the characteristic shock signatures of acoustic grains can often be detected in IRIS C II spectra. For some grains, spectral signature can be found in IRIS Si IV. This suggests that upward propagating acoustic waves sometimes reach all the way up to the transition region.