Discovery of four periodic methanol masers and updated light curve for a further one

TL;DR

This study reports the discovery of six new periodic methanol masers in star-forming regions and provides an updated light curve for a known source, revealing diverse variability patterns and suggesting local mechanisms drive the flares.

Contribution

It presents the first detection of multiple new periodic methanol masers and analyzes their variability patterns, offering insights into the local conditions influencing maser flares.

Findings

Detected 6 new periodic methanol masers with periods of 120-245 days.

Observed diverse variability patterns, including fast rise and slow fall, reverse, and sinusoidal-like variations.

Indicated that maser flares are likely driven by local changes in pumping conditions, not large-scale luminosity variations.

Abstract

We report the discovery of 6.7 GHz methanol maser periodic flares in four massive star forming regions and the updated light curve for the known periodic source G22.357+0.066. The observations were carried out with the Torun 32 m radio telescope between June 2009 and April 2014. Flux density variations with period of 120 to 245 d were detected for some or all spectral features. A variability pattern with a fast rise and relatively slow fall on time-scale of 30-60 d dominated. A reverse pattern was observed for some features of G22.357+0.066, while sinusoidal-like variations were detected in G25.411+0.105. A weak burst lasting ~520 d with the velocity drift of 0.24 km/s/yr occurred in G22.357+0.066. For three sources for which high resolution maps are available, we found that the features with periodic behaviour are separated by more than 500 au from those without any periodicity. This suggests that the maser flares are not triggered by large-scale homogeneous variations in either the background seed photon flux or the luminosity of the exciting source and a mechanism which is able to produce local changes in the pumping conditions is required.