Symmetry breaking effects on spin and electronic transport in graphene

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how symmetry-breaking effects from adatoms influence spin-orbit interactions and transport phenomena in graphene, providing a framework to interpret experimental measurements and distinguish different perturbations.

Contribution

It introduces a symmetry-based analysis of scattering and transport in decorated graphene, linking measurable quantities to specific symmetry-breaking perturbations.

Findings

Skew scattering and Hall effects depend on symmetry-breaking terms.

Transport and elastic times reveal the strength of spin-orbit interactions.

Energy dependence of observables varies with impurity types.

Abstract

The decoration of graphene samples with adatoms or nanoparticles leads to the enhancement of spin-orbit interactions as well as to the introduction of symmetry-breaking effects that could have drastic effects on spin and electronic transport phenomena. We present an analysis based on symmetry considerations and examine the impact on the scattering matrix for graphene systems containing defects that enhance spin-orbit interactions, while conserving the electronic total angular momentum. We show that the appearance and dominance of skew scattering, and the related observation of valley and/or spin Hall effect in decorated graphene samples, suggests the set of symmetries that adatom perturbations should satisfy. We further show that detailed measurements of the transport and elastic times as a function of carrier concentration make it possible to not only extract the strength of the spin-orbit interaction, as suggested before, but also obtain the amplitude of the symmetry-breaking terms introduced. To examine how different terms would affect measurements, we also present calculations for typical random distributions of impurities with different perturbations, illustrating the detailed energy dependence of different observables