Odometers and Toeplitz systems revisited in the context of Sarnak's conjecture

TL;DR

This paper investigates Sarnak's conjecture for odometers and Toeplitz systems, establishing new results for regular and generalized Sturmian subshifts, providing counterexamples with positive entropy, and analyzing models with complex behaviors.

Contribution

It proves Sarnak's conjecture for certain Toeplitz and odometer models, introduces examples that fail the conjecture, and extends previous work by filling gaps and analyzing entropy.

Findings

Regular Toeplitz systems satisfy Sarnak's conjecture.

Some Toeplitz sequences with positive entropy fail Sarnak's conjecture.

A Toeplitz sequence from [AKL] has positive entropy, confirming conjecture failure.

Abstract

Although Sarnak's conjecture holds for compact group rotations (irrational rotations, odometers), it is not even known whether it holds for all Jewett-Krieger models of such rotations. In this paper we show that it does, as long as the model is at the same a topological extension. In particular, we reestablish (after [AKL]) that regular Toeplitz systems satisfy Sarnak's conjecture, and, as another consequence, so do all generalized Sturmian subshifts (not only the classical Sturmian subshift). We also give an example of an irregular Toeplitz subshift which fits our criterion. We give an example of a model of an odometer which is not even Toeplitz (it is weakly mixing), hence does not fit our criterion. However, for this example, we manage to produce a separate proof of Sarnak's conjecture. Next, we provide a class of Toeplitz sequences which fail Sarnak's conjecture (in a weak sense); all these examples have positive entropy. Finally, we examine the example of a Toeplitz sequence from [AKL] (which fails Sarnak's conjecture in the strong sense) and prove that it has positive entropy, as well (this proof has been announced in [AKL]). This paper can be considered a sequel to [AKL], it also fills some gaps of [D].