Non-extensive statistics effects in transverse momentum spectra of hadrons

TL;DR

This paper investigates the effects of non-extensive Tsallis statistics on transverse momentum spectra of hadrons in high-energy proton-proton collisions, comparing it with traditional Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics.

Contribution

It introduces the application of Tsallis-factorized statistics to analyze hadron spectra and compares it with Boltzmann-Gibbs results, revealing differences in system parameters and production mechanisms.

Findings

Tsallis statistics parameters differ significantly from Boltzmann-Gibbs.

System volume in Tsallis statistics is unusually large compared to proton size.

Results suggest soft and hard hadrons originate from different macroscopic states.

Abstract

The Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics of the identified hadrons were verified on the basis of the transverse momentum distributions of bosons and fermions created in the $pp$ collisions at high energies using the Tsallis-factorized statistics and the two-component distributions of the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The main differences between the parameters of the Tsallis-factorized statistics and the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics were identified. The results of the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics are reasonable and suggest that the soft and hard hadrons may be produced from the two different macroscopic states of the dynamical system. It was revealed that the volume of the system obtained in the Tsallis-factorized statistics is unusually large in comparison with the geometrical volume of two protons. The main formulas for the Tsallis statistics in the grand canonical ensemble were formulated.