The Effect of X-ray Irradiation on the Time Dependent Behaviour of Accretion Disks with Stochastic Perturbations

TL;DR

This study investigates how X-ray irradiation influences the time-dependent behavior of accretion disks with stochastic perturbations, revealing that irradiation amplifies X-ray variability at viscous time-scales.

Contribution

The paper introduces a hydrodynamical model to analyze the impact of X-ray irradiation on accretion disk variability, highlighting the enhancement of variability without oscillatory behavior.

Findings

Irradiation increases X-ray variability at viscous time-scales.

No evidence of oscillatory or limit cycle behavior was observed.

Disk response varies with perturbation radius and period.

Abstract

The UV emission from X-ray binaries, is more likely to be produced by reprocessing of X-rays by the outer regions of an accretion disk. The structure of the outer disk may be altered due to the presence of X-ray irradiation and we discuss the physical regimes where this may occur and point out certain X-ray binaries where this effect may be important. The long term X-ray variability of these sources is believed to be due to stochastic fluctuations in the outer disk, which propagate inwards giving rise to accretion rate variation in the X-ray producing inner regions. The X-ray variability will induce structural variations in the outer disk which in turn may affect the inner accretion rate. To understand the qualitative behaviour of the disk in such a scenario, we adopt simplistic assumptions that the disk is fully ionised and is not warped. We develop and use a time dependent global hydrodynamical code to study the effect of a sinusoidal accretion rate perturbation introduced at a specific radius. The response of the disk, especially the inner accretion rate, to such perturbations at different radii and with different time periods is shown. While we didn't find any oscillatory or limit cycle behaviour, our results show that irradiation enhances the X-ray variability at time-scales corresponding to the viscous time-scales of the irradiated disk.