Higher-order Modes and Heating

TL;DR

This paper introduces the problem of wake fields and heating effects in particle accelerators, discussing concepts, scaling rules, and observations from the LHC and other machines.

Contribution

It provides foundational concepts and scaling rules for understanding wake fields and heating in accelerator components, supported by real-world observations.

Findings

Wake fields cause heating in accelerator components.

Scaling rules help predict heating effects.

Observations from LHC validate the concepts.

Abstract

This chapter gives a basic introduction to the problem of wake fields created in the beam-surrounding environment and the resulting heating effects of machine components. The concepts are introduced and scaling rules derived that are exemplified by several observations from operation of the LHC and other machines.