A unified description for dipoles of the fine-structure constant and SnIa Hubble diagram in Finslerian universe

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Finslerian universe model explaining the dipole anisotropies observed in the fine-structure constant and SnIa Hubble diagram, linking cosmic acceleration and fundamental constants.

Contribution

It presents a unified Finsler spacetime framework that accounts for aligned dipole structures in both the fine-structure constant and cosmic expansion data.

Findings

Dipole directions of SnIa Hubble diagram and fine-structure constant are closely aligned.

The dipole magnitudes are quantified with specific directional coordinates.

The angular separation between the two dipoles is approximately 18.2 degrees.

Abstract

We propose a Finsler spacetime scenario of the anisotropic universe. The Finslerian universe requires both the fine-structure constant and accelerating cosmic expansion have dipole structure, and the directions of these two dipoles are the same. Our numerical results show that the dipole direction of SnIa Hubble diagram locates at $(l,b)=(314.6^\circ\pm20.3^\circ,-11.5^\circ\pm12.1^\circ)$ with magnitude $B=(-3.60\pm1.66)\times10^{-2}$. And the dipole direction of the fine-structure constant locates at $(l,b)=(333.2^\circ\pm8.8^\circ,-12.7^\circ\pm6.3^\circ)$ with magnitude $B=(0.97\pm0.21)\times10^{-5}$. The angular separation between the two dipole directions is about $18.2^\circ$.