Lattice simulations of $G_2$-QCD at finite density

TL;DR

This paper explores the phase diagram of $G_2$-QCD, a QCD-like theory without a sign problem, through lattice simulations at finite density, revealing a first-order transition and diquark condensation effects.

Contribution

It provides new lattice simulation evidence for a first-order phase transition and investigates diquark condensation in $G_2$-QCD using Majorana fermions and diquark sources.

Findings

Evidence for a first-order transition to $G_2$-nuclear matter.

Identification of diquark condensation effects.

Insights into chiral symmetry with diquark sources.

Abstract

$G_2$-QCD, in which the exceptional Lie group $G_2$ replaces the $SU(3)$ gauge group of QCD, does not suffer from a fermion sign problem. It can therefore be simulated also at comparatively low temperatures and high densities on the lattice, which hence allows to map out the phase diagram of this QCD-like theory. We briefly review some of our previous results from such finite density simulations to then present further evidence for a first-order transition to what might be called $G_2$-nuclear matter. In order to isolate diquark condensation effects, we introduce simulations with Majorana fermions and diquark sources. This allows to disentangle states in the spectrum that are connected by charge conjugation. We discuss chiral symmetry in the presence of diquark sources and present first results from our ongoing large-scale simulations.