Comparative study of topological charge

TL;DR

This paper compares different methods of measuring topological charge in gauge configurations, finding high consistency between improved smoothing techniques and the index theorem with the overlap-Dirac operator.

Contribution

It systematically evaluates the agreement between fermionic and gluonic topological charge definitions using various smoothing methods.

Findings

High consistency between improved smoothing and index theorem results.

Effective comparison of fermionic and gluonic topological charge measurements.

Validation of smoothing techniques for topological charge measurement.

Abstract

Comparative study of topological charge is performed. Topological charges are measured by a cloverleaf operator on smoothed gauge configurations. Various types of smoothing techniques are employed. Agreement of topological charges in fermionic and gluonic definitions is examined. High consistency is observed between topological charges obtained by improved smoothing methods and those by the index theorem with the overlap-Dirac operator.