Quasi-normal mode approach to the local-field problem in quantum optics

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple quasi-normal mode approach to analytically solve the local-field problem in quantum optics, especially for finite-size emitters in lossy, inhomogeneous structures, improving understanding of photon sources.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel quasi-normal mode technique that separates scattering contributions, providing an analytical solution to the local-field problem in complex lossy structures.

Findings

QNM contribution can dominate over homogeneous parts in local fields.

Accurate modeling of surface scattering near metal interfaces.

Enhanced understanding of photon sources in lossy nanostructures.

Abstract

The local-field (LF) problem of a finite-size dipole emit- ter radiating inside a lossy inhomogeneous structure is a long-standing and challenging quantum optical problem, and it now is becoming more important due to rapid advances in solid-state fabrication technologies. Here we introduce a simple and accurate quasi-normal mode (QNM) technique to solve this problem analyti- cally by separating the scattering problem into contribu- tions from the QNM and an image dipole. Using a real- cavity model to describe an artificial atom inside a lossy and dispersive gold nanorod, we show when the contri- bution of the QNM to LFs will dominate over the homo- geneous contribution. We also show how to accurately describe surface scattering for real cavities that are close to the metal interface and explore regimes when the surface scattering dominates. Our results offer an intui- tive picture of the underlying physics for the LF problem and facilitate the understanding of novel photon sources within lossy structures.